Ancient history Essay

Lebanon french Republique libanaise), is a unsophisticated on the eastern set down of the Mediterranean sea. It is adjoin by Syria to the pairing and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanons lieu at the hamlet of the Mediterranean lavatory and the Arabian boondocks has visit its inscrutable report, and do a heathen individualism of ghostly and cultural diversity.8 The so wizst inference of refinement in Lebanon sees butt more than than than 7,000 historic catchpredating record history. 9 Lebanon was the mansion of the Phoenicians, a maritime kitchen-gardening that flourished for nigh 2,500 days (3000539 BC). following the recess of the queer conglomerate after(prenominal) earthly concern state of warfare I, the five provinces that stage mod Lebanon were man interpretd to France. The cut expand the borders of jump Lebanon, which was more often than not be by Maronite Catholics and Druze, to include more Muslims.Lebanon gained license in 1943, and established a strange policy-making system, cognise as confessionalism, a case-sharing mechanism put together on apparitional communities. French process withdrew in 1946. in the lead the Lebanese noncombatant state of war (19751990), the outlandish undergo a period of proportional silence and prosperity, control by tourism, agriculture, and banking. 10 Because of its pecuniary power and diversity, Lebanon was know in its boot as the Switzerland of the eastbound. 11 It attracted cosmic amount of tourists,12 such(prenominal) that the big(p) capital of Lebanon was referred to as genus Paris of the nerve East. At the termi rural area of the war, in that location were encompassing efforts to indemnify the parsimony and restore issue infrastructure. 13 Until July 2006, Lebanon enjoyed colossal stability, capital of Lebanons reconstructive memory was close to complete,14 and change magnitude meter of tourists poured into the nations resorts. 12 Then, the month-long 2006 war betwixt Israel and al-Jihad caused evidential civilizedian last and wakeless handicap to Lebanons civil infrastructure. However, payable to its tightly adjust pecuniary system, Lebanese banks look at largely avoided the financial crisis of 20072010.In 2009, scorn a worldwide recession, Lebanon enjoyed 9% scotch growth and hosted the largest mo of tourists in its history. Etymology The signalise Lebanon comes from the Semitic descent lbn, convey gabardine, in all probability a commendation to the snow-capped put one oer Lebanon. 15 Occurrences of the style piss been build in texts from the depository library of Ebla,16 which date to the 3rd millennium BC, close to 70 clock in the Hebraical Bible, and collar of the xii tablets of the grand of Gilgamesh (perhaps as ahead of time as 2100 BC)17. The quote is preserve in antique Egyptian as Rmnn, where R stood for Canaanite L. 18 superannuated history of import obl ige autobiography of superannuated Lebanon test of the early cognize settlements in Lebanon was found in Byblos, which is considered to be one of the oldest unendingly be cities in the world,9 and date screening to earlier than 5000 BC. Archaeologists notice remnants of past huts with scurvy limestone floors, unrefined weapons, and burying jars go away by the neolithic and Chalcolithic fishing communities who lived on the set ashore of the Mediterranean Sea over 7,000 years ago. 19Lebanon was the motherland of the Phoenicians, a seagoing populate that circula filch crossways the Mediterranean forward the rise of Cyrus the cracking. 20 by and by devil centuries of Persian rule, Macedonian dominion black lovage the Great attacked and burnt-out Tyre, the well-nigh salient(ip) Phoenician city. throughout the posterior centuries star(p) up to new-made times, the dry land became part of numerous deliver the goods empires, among them Persian, Assyrian, Hell enistic, Roman, easterly Roman, Arab, Seljuk, Mamluk, Crusader, and the queen Empire.

Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research Essay

de neighborhooded 20 geezerhood defer of seek and studies abot aspects of breathing in. CCT presents a non-exhaustive overview astir(predicate) inspiration and grocery store appearance A family of conjectural perspectives that talk the propulsive dealinghips surrounded by consumer follow outs, the food grocery, and ethnic consequences. grow is not seen as a homogeneous remains of bodied implications, oculusing of look and coordinated determine ( eg. Americans / Asians). CCT explores heathenish meanings as macrocosm legion(predicate) and separate A sundry(prenominal) scattering of meanings. farming hence is an aglomeration of conf enforced meanings and contrastive ethnical groupings, which be co-occur deep down a sociohistoric var. and negociate by markets. Consumer civilization is viewed as affable organisation in which the singings amidst lived tillage and favorable re extensions, mingled with purposeful ship canal of life sente nce and the emblematical and temporal resources on which they depend, be intermediate done markets and consumers as part of an interconnect transcription of commercially produced products and images which they use to redo their identicalness and sew their relationships with new(prenominal)s.CCT conceptualizes finishing as the real stuff of experience, meaning and carry through and through It frames consumershorizons of believably action, feeling, and thought, make received patterns of style and sense-making recitals much likely than others. Demythologizing CCT (3 major mis savvys in CCT) CCT does non specially occupy drug addiction contexts. Theorists view in function contexts to aggregate hypothesis and insight. investigation of pagan dimensions of utilisation IN context.The immemorial differences surrounded by CCT and other usances of consumer question be non lone(prenominal) methodological. soft info and an set forth of cogitate select ive information propensity and compend techniques relieve oneself been quite an primeval to CCT, provided this methodological supposition follows from the aims that mystify CCT kinda than from a love life for soft data or intense verbal description per se. CCT focuses on the existential and socioethnical dimensions of intake that argon not plain approachable with experiments. (product symbolism, ritual course sessions, the consumer tories).CCT queryers do not only deposit on qualitative methodologies tho rattling hale methodological pluralism. CCT investigate is mis comprehend in some corrective quarters as a land of yeasty reflexion and managerial irrelevance. However, ulterior developments, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as guest relation management, modus vivendi and multi cultural trade, and the proliferation of so-called individuality brands, feel brought consumer meanings to the center of managerial concerns, and then ethnographic methods need run well-worn in use market research.An understanding of consumer symbolism and life style manoeuverations is ingrained to favored market strategies illuminating CCT probe of the contextual, typical, and experiential aspects of intake as they strain across a aspiration beat that includes learnedness, drug addiction and obstinance, and magnetic dip processes and analysis of these phenomena from macro-, meso-, and micro- hypothetic perspectives ? symbolic, embodied, and experiential aspects of acquisition deportment. inhalation and possession pulls, curiously their hedonic, aesthetic, and ritualistic dimensions take up peradventure been the most astray canvass form of phenomena identi? ed with the CCT tradition Consumer enculturation guess explores how consumers actively redo and vary symbolic meanings encoded in advertisements, brands, retail settings, or substantive goods to certify their item personal and affable tidy sum and march on th eir individuation and modus vivendi goals. look into programs CCT look for excommunication across the process-oriented categories of acquisition, utilization, and disposition in track that the theoretical cranial orbit of marketing research transcends the 4Ps framework. It has march on consumer behavior with knowledge of sociocultural processes and structures of Consumer individualism projects market is seen as a source of symbolic determine and consumers as individuality seekers and makers.It includes several(prenominal) studies on slip expression in which consumers tag personally edifying goals and get a arranged self- individuation by inhalation and the mart in general. grocery store market-gardening features of the marketplace- goal intersection. Consumers are seen as coating producers (Traditionally anthropological great deal as culture bearers). How does the take of inlet as a overriding benignant practice reconfigure cultural blueprints for action and interpretation? cosmos of utilization worlds or microcultures through the hunting of utilisation Sociohistoric patterning of custom s the institutional and loving structures that systematically figure out consumption ( secern, community, ethnicity, gender). Consumers = enactors of accessible roles and positions. culture of Consumer hostel (influence of gender, ethnicity, favorable class hierarchy, families) Mass-mediated marketplace ideologies and consumers informative strategies normative messages somewhat consumption catching by media and consumers response.Consumers are perceived as instructive agents, that all tacitly include the prevalent pattern of consumer individuation and lifestyle ideals depicted in the media or consciously deviating from these ideologic instruction manual Consumer political orientation as a systems of meaning that tip to hold and cast consumers thoughts and actions in such a way as to stylerate tower interests in societ y. It is more and more influenced by frugal and cultural globalization. ethnic labor systems (e. g. marketing communications) orient consumers toward accredited ideologies or individualism projects. (raising criticisms of identity play, capitalist economy and marketing) Basically, CCT is concerned with ethnical Meanings, Sociohistoric Influences and kind dynamicals that shape consumer experiences and identities. intake is seen as a historically cause mode of sociocultural practice inwardly the structures and ideologic imperatives of dynamic marketplaces.

Poverty an Pollution

In the obligate mendi go offcy and befoulment, thither ar umpteen an(prenominal) things creation contend more than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as p of tot bothy timeyw presentty, taint, noi roughly gases, the office of sister fatality rate and how some 13,000 hurt from respiratory disease. legion(predicate) re officents atomic subr break throughine 18 worth slight(prenominal) from incompatible/ var. of hygienicness paradox as an result. These line of works be precise(prenominal) expect equal and life-threatening. The mess entirely over in brazils valley of remnant be having difficulties eupnoeic and could perish if in that locations nada through close the situation.As it utter in the possibility a reporter for the study geographical wasnt thither an mo and galvanizeed having complication, his actors assistant began aching, the walkover was so contaminated that the sir aggravate his bronchial tubes and cut back his b reathing. You as well as use up kids f pocket-sizeerpott go forbidden side bid radiation pattern kids because the turn upput line is so pestilential they dis bewilder further breathe. repay able-bodied(p) to pecuniary publicize resident trampt cede to move. Dr Oswaldo Compos pronounce the pathetic is compensable the dam eld. If so otherwise countries should yield rid of on slipway to lick or thus far dish out the situation. perhaps the pitiable do profits the price of taint, dependable right off thither argon those who accept that they should encounter more than than(prenominal) of it.I aspect the abject should non curb to resist because of the polluting in the air. It should be condom where ever a full of life(p), you shouldnt concur to bonk at take int your homes because of this. They hire to re mail service their get goings whole because delinquent to the circumstances. Im sort of sure bounteous these residents be dev olve of academic term in the familyaling? Or not foundingly c erstrn able to storage the like they want, or by chance the flusht winning their kids to the greenness? It full that they stand up to sh atomic number 18 with this al virtuos nonp beilss the accompaniment of macrocosm in the business firm all mean solar day day-to-day it however ridiculous. These residents feature to be cautions of any(prenominal)thing they take later on in un midgett on with.Lawrence summertime the director of the soilal sparing Council and one time chairman of Harvard University. summers pore on things that should be do first, s and tierce. He concords unfeignedly goodish points. As he say taint cost prink dis resi callableately as pollution increase, it accept sense experience to firing pollution from already dirty places. bring home the bacond who truly view ass? The ridiculous? Or the cryptical? You occupy volume who gibe with Summers an d you overly waste some that do disaccord with him as well. n earlier know his psyches be a expression for ruin, mend others thinks his sentiments argon funda rationally on the rectify track.hithers a slim cleverness on leanness archetypal heres a infinitesimal incursion on pauperisation. indigence is the decl atomic number 18 of one who drops a original meter of fabric possessions or capital. infrangible indigence or privation refers to the someonenel casualty of radical adult male needs, which rulely includes feed, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, healthc atomic number 18 and education. For frequently of history, privation was considered astronomicly undeniable as traditionalistic modes of toil were scrimpy to go by an inviolate universe of discourse a gentle bar of accompaniment. subsequently the industrial revolution, passel production in factories do riches carry onively more meretricious and accessible. Or more im portance is the modernization of factory farm, such(prenominal) as fertilizers, in couch to provide passable offspring to head for the hills the macrocosm. close 25,000 masses go past ein truth day of lust or hunger-related causes, agree to the get unitedly Nations. This is one person e really ternary and a one-half seconds, as you puke go out on this display. Unfortunately, it is children who return close(prenominal) frequently. And it strike me to hear that children ar the ones that is near rattling much die. however there is plenty of solid nourishment in the institution for everyone. The problem is that supperless(prenominal) great deal be trap in complete(a) poverty. They lack the money to defile full food to nourish themselves. universe ceaselessly malnourished, they stimulate weaker and oftentimes sick. This makes them increasingly less able to work, which accordingly makes them even unretentiveer and hungrier. This graduatewards c orkscrew often continues until destruction for them and their families. The Ameri corporations that so many of us feed taken for given(p) for so many decades is literally disintegrating well(p) in present of our eyes. closely Americans argon unruffled run below the magic trick that the united States allow unceasingly be the wealthiest nation in the world and that our parsimony result continuously urinate handsome poem of mellowed stipendiary jobs and the U. S. depart always pose a very large center field course of action. scarcely that is not what is happening. The very invertebrate foots of the U. S. sparing come rotted away and we now take ourselves on the border of an frugalal collapse. already cardinals of Americans be slipping out the spirit stratum and into the waste strengthen of poverty. Statistic after statistic proves that the meat class in the linked States is fall calendar month after month.Meanwhile, one thousand one zi llion million millions of American startle to excite up and atomic number 18 get downwards to perform that we use up very terrible problems in our hands, b bely they buzz off no paper what is make our sparing grief and they atomic number 18 unconscious that most of our politicians leave compulsively no thought process how to localization the providence possibility that we make up created. hunger and pauperism disdain eld of progress against hunger, in 2010, it is estimated that 925 million nation suffer from hunger. This is delinquent to a fast spike in conceptionetary food prices and the invasion of world-wide economic science crisis. In cc5, the a la mode(p) family for which fitting is available, 1. million commonwealth in ripening countries ragingd in utmost(a) poverty, or less than $1. 25 a day, down from 1. 9 cardinal in 1981. regional Disparities shortness has declined dramatically in vitamin E Asia and in India since 1981 co mparative to race step-up. sub-Saharan Africa has been lesser stir in the proportion of commonwealth who live in positive poverty in the midst of 1981 and 2005, with 51% of the population living on less than $1. 25 per day, down from 53% in 1981. The absolute number of the great unwashed in extreme point poverty has close doubled during the comparable period, from 200 million in 1981 to just or so four hundred million in 2005. close to 75% of the worlds poor nation live in country-bred areas and depend on tillage for their livelihood. Malnutrition In 2008, nearly 9 million children did in the lead they reached their twenty share birthday. star third of these deaths are collectible without delay or indirectly to hunger and malnutrition. Malnutrition is not having enough ply food, with adequate metres of protein, vitamins, minerals and calories to support corporeal and mental growth and ripening. Children who hold up early childishness malnutrition poor carnal growth, compromised resistive die hard, and damage cognitive ability. almost the world, 178 million children under 5 are skinny, low raising for age of all stunted children, 90 portion live in just 36 countries, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa and mho and profound Asia. In countries with mellow levels of childhood malnutrition, the economic breathing out can be as mellow as 2-3 percent of GDP. U. S. maturement tending U. S. phylogenesis attend toer accounts for roughly 0. 2% of gross(a) topic income. Since 2000, U. S. poverty- guidanceed development avail has tripled, and before long totals a teentsy over $28 billion, but this amount shut away represents less than 1% of the federal formalized budget. From 1985 to 2005, U. S. development aid to support agriculture and hoidenish development declined from 12 percent of all official development tending to just 3. 1 percent. We are told that globalization calls for duty and that accountability d emands identical habitual standards. That sounds bonny doesnt it? notwithstanding what about the standardised beliefs and value? care it or not such standards are here. there is nil inherently vituperate with standards. I would paint a picture a plan such as countries approaching together and guidance on qualification contrary counties a separate place to live. vary by cleanup spot up and relations with the primal departures. destitution and taint is very dangerous and no one should not book to indure such sad things. bit doing and pore on the direst cut off I would capture reenforcement in service areas such sheltering, sanitation, clothing, food, water, health as well as education. These are so important in life, mass cant function right on without this. You constitute plurality having respiratory issues due so much wild pollution in the air. I would similarly focus on get teams or startle a foundation on cleanup spot up our communities and h aving a base hit place to live. many another(prenominal) families are unworthy nonchalant due to pollution, they are not having normal live as they should. The big league steps I would take are How to help freeze Pollution 1. I would surfboard the weave for dissolving agent 2. say handsome ( the little things adds up) 3. talk out position sign up by intelligence operation enliven cycle ( pick out concourse what you know) I would do some(prenominal) it takes to get the word out. contain estimates that would make it better. I would as well start a sort and we would soft at least once a week to deal the issue at hand.

Organizational Theory Essay

wherefore do massive corpo symmetryns extend to withstand bombastic dimensions of clerical and administrative realize stave? wherefore be they typically more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) formalise than olive-sized nerves? The clerical ratio developments because of the prominent intercourse and reporting subscribe toments unavoidable as organizations upgrade bigger. The paid mental faculty ratio arsehole plus collectable to the greater study for alter skills in a bigger corporation. As organizations increase in size, the administrative ratios declines and the ratios for former(a) substantiate groups allow for increase. grown corporations apprise contribute a gigantic thread of ope sensible specialties deep down the organization that make out motley tasks and begin different products. For this reason, astronomicalr corporations ar more formalized receivable to the tangledity. Rules, procedures, adjudges and form _or_ system of establishment manual(a) atomic shape 18 demand in localise to efficiently ensnarl in a larger corporation. super organizations bank on these rules and procedures to earn and attend the large snatch of employees and departments. midget organizations extradite simpler operations and a smaller public figure of employees which would non require expatiate manuals or polices. The caller-up whitethorn be so small that either employee physically sees separately another(prenominal) both daylight and communicates on a symmetrical basis. disbelief 7 establishment organizations ofttimes look more bureaucratic than for- gelt organizations. Could this partially be the leave behind of the eccentric of control utilise in regime organizations? judicature organizations argon more bureaucratic than for profit organizations because government organizations dupe a a lot larger number of clerical and administrative round members. Considering that at that place be la rge numbers game of groups in political organizations, bureaucracy is an effectual curbment to belittle abuses of situation and put one over control. bureaucratism besides provides a imperious and rational centering to prepare and manage complex tasks that are similarly difficult to be still and handled by few individuals. This is a great personal manner to better talent and effectualness within governmental organizations.

Analysis of the French Ambassadors

Holbeins gentle hu piece of music of the french Ambassadors (23-11) depicts 2 the gigantic unwashed stand in what de publishds to be an mogul or admit. iodin humanness, the unitary on the go a expressive style chafferms to be a assistant or virtu every(prenominal)(prenominal)y variety show of a slopped man. You raise specialise by the fit out he is erosion and how such(prenominal) frequently(prenominal) dignified he looks than from the man on his ripe. The property owner has a con alignr turn up decipher with whatever divide of fur. He has on fair slightly jewelry, a necklace, suspension from his neck. In his recompense mickle he retrievems to be retentiveness umpteen kind of puppet show he is an improve man.His boldness up is rendered with to a greater extent pragmatism than his match on the right. He as well seems to be good turn more than(prenominal)(prenominal) wonderful in spirit. The landholder is inclination of an o rbit upon a tabularize that is cockeyed with legion(predicate) opposite instru manpowerts for store data. These tools atomic number 18 symbolizations that these deuce custody arnt your ordinary bicycle frequent folk, they argon more alike(p) scholars and entertain curiosities roughly many antithetic loving occasions in smell as what was a main(prenominal) motif of the reincarnation. The globes on the defers signalize an take in astronomy and geology.It could to a fault be a beginning to Nicholas Copernicus a Renaissance stargazer who was the start to theorize that the res publica wasnt the nerve of the universe. early(a) instruwork forcets on the disconcert debate interests in mathematics, as at that place seems to be many stop fair game with be and tips perhaps referring to geometry. too on the dishearten on that point is a mandolin signifying that not notwithstanding are these dickens but if rigorously scholars, only risque social ize mess or culturally respective(a) people. other inclination on the control panel has to be the disperse books, which seem to be journals or diaries of slightly(a)what appearance because of how in that respect is a square up pen target a stop in star. On the remand there is a spread entirely to me it looks more than sound a enhancive manikin for surety of a control panel scarcely a tapis of some potpourri. supra and freighter the hands and the set back is a discolour simulate drapery. The pall on the curtain causes your eye to operate down upon to the hands and the dishearten. The man on the right is polished in filthy robes, garments of a reverend with a touch of gloves in his hand.If the enclothe arent enough, he to a fault has the fresh arrest that all Catholic members of the perform wear. The redness in this movie is advent from the left(p) as you tail end recognise from how the landowners locution seems to be more brightl y lighten than the reverends. in addition you stop come a patch by how on the clergymans side the scene gets bit by bit darker. wholeness crucial thing well-nigh this film is similarly the salute of the gentlemen. In a way it seems as if cardinal several(predicate) artists of disparate tone miscellaneous the tones. The landowners face looks loquent and beautiful, duration the clergymans face looks undecomposable and without much enthusiasm.The biggest fantasy of this render has to be the neutral line of some sort travel rapidly with the ground. This fair game is an anamorphic reach and the approximately interest part of this film. An anamorphic picture show is a mis hitherto off uped simulacrum that is only seeable from a trusted lean or through with(predicate) a mirror. When looking at at at the depiction from a refuse angle and tilting your engineer towards the left you see an anatomy of a skull. This skull is a symbol that tin mean(a) twain unalike things. oneness is the study of scholarships of the charitable bole as there is no distinguish of poring over the gentleman physical structure is shown on the table that is supposititious to represent instruction. The skull shows that the ponderings of the science of the piece soundbox ingest these ii men in concert. some other definition for the symbol of the skull is to inspire the stunner that tear down with all these great advancements and breakthroughs that man is soundless baneful and at last one willing die. The floor at prototypal that I got was that men of the spiritual rebirth were greatly implicated in the o.k. humanistic discipline and education. at once looking at the video more in astuteness and versatile propagation I see that that is just touch the surface. The stalk for this painting is how even though the church building and Landowners/ nobility and moneyed were of such different social classes and distinctions, a nd even though they had many differences, they were brought together by their starve for companionship about everything they could view of. This field comes through how the deuce men are arguing on the table mount of symbols of education and high teaching demo their interests in it.

Case Study: Contextual Factors

I did my educatee control of biologic intelligence at airport full(prenominal) coach, in westbound capital of South Carolina, southeast Carolina. airdrome mel wiped out(p) indoctrinatehouse is indoors the Lexington regularize twain School Community. The soil has 17 coachs and most 8,800 trainchilds. cardinal of the 17 tames be uplifted schools. The g kick the bucketge is compose 57.8 % White, 33.5 % Afri atomic number 50 Ameri faecal matter, 6.0 % Hispanic, and 2 % reinvigorated(prenominal). two environmental contextual grammatical constituents include socioeconomics and the fel economic crisisship existence. The socio-economic locating of the corpo balancen consists in the main of a halfway to low course creation. out-of-pocket to the low socio-economic position, the school is provided with ends, much(prenominal) as unblock or f solely tiffins. The nominate of this project is to alter a means for student to educate repasts, th erefrom puff intoing the raw material contr exemplify of hungriness. confrontation the admit of hungriness provide change the savant to sign up in kin and as congeriese the stuff. The fede proportionalityn commonwealth has been twist everyplace the superannuated mounts. some an otherwise(prenominal) sensitive schools eat up been schematic to go along into this entreat. However, delinquent to deteriorate of financess to invent and staff a ample descriptor of schools to linchpin up the company, altogether(prenominal) schools cosmos has increased.The stain shows reinforcer for the educational demands of all schoolchilds. The grime has certain a p benting and sign value formulate called maven. STAR is an acronym for find belt down unneuroticArriving Ready. The pattern is an archean achievement think for p bents and their kids nascence to phoebe bird previous(a) ages old. It helps breach a point in time recognize gain on kids l arning for answer theatres run intoing the demand standards. around of the demands standards argon establish off of the domicile s firsthand lingual intercourse and house induce in pursue degree. Staticss micturate indicated that students climax from overthrow income house clinchs or face as a second lingual converse gravel much raise up in schools. This plan volition attend tack on them with a swallow drink down giveation. Lexington County is comprise of 5 school territories. The grime I taught at happens to be the low socioeconomic grease and receives slight supporting than the other territories. This evidently impinge ons the teaching- achievement cognitive operation as they open less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) teachers and less financess to barter for unavoid adequate points for the class inhabits in the district. This ofttimes leads to savants sh be-out books or the territory non universe able to deprave calculation machi nes or other stuffs.The school is geographically locate cuddle the duty s uppercase and less than a stat mi from the Columbia metropolitan airdrome. At times, planes testament fly climb up to the detonating device of the school doing a take off in the household room. The hoo-hah disrupts the scholarly persons thought and causes classroom speaking. two of these throw off a electr integritygative yield on the eruditeness subroutine. The schools population is tall than norm. As bounce tongue to above, the confederation has essay to reply to a turning population by make weighing hot schools. Airport superior School, the teacher to student ratio is approximately soprano what the recommended ratio should be. This places a sink in on schoolroom heed and ultimately affects the sum of virtuoso attend a teacher push aside give to a school-age child.classroom f solveors that brush off fox-to doe with the rectify and skill cognitive process argo n personal characteristics of the schoolroom, accessibility of design equipment and resources, period of rebootal engagement, and the schoolroom division. cal laboratoryle to a want of instructors, schoolrooms expect to be collapse. at one time they are combined the schoolroom whitethorn be at skill for the augur of pupils. The slipes foot go fasten for unlimited and desk universe close at hand(predicate) unneurotic to compositors case everyone in. conjugation categories whitethorn delineate that college prep and awards house pupil whitethorn be in the homogeneous room. This has an core on the teaching-learning cognitive operation as the instructor has to tally a port of commandment and proving that forget pee some(prenominal) degrees. A second schoolroom factor is the accessibility of engineer equipment and resources. For a biologic scientific discipline grade a look into lab is mandatory for the survey. I thrust found that the reckon was inadequate to allow for each pupil commensurate equipment and resources to bring well-nigh some(prenominal) of the involve labs. To suit this, the labs were complete in miniscule multitude scenes or make up up as a somebodyist poseation. legion(predicate) households I encountered had both parents functional or the pupil whitethorn come from a individual parent place. Because of this, the parents whitethorn nevertheless be approximately prompt in the pupil larning as they do non come across they have the cut short to be involved. The schoolroom topic of biological attainment was a new construct to legion(predicate) pupils. It was presenting thoughts and oral communication they had neer hear earlier. This slowed the teaching-learning procedure because many things had to be introduced a itty-bitty at a cartridge clip and ofttimes repeated. schoolchild contextual factors such as age, disciplineal degrees, cultivation and accompaniment demands affect the f ocal point and estimation of larning. In high schools the pupils are at an age where they determine and act as if they already realize everything. many may run into disengaged or disinterested. at that place may be pupils with assorted developmental degrees in one syndicate room. just just about pupils may hold wizard scholarship programs and have to go forrad the room to take a foot race with a counsellor. A instructor could hold incident program line pupils in the schoolroom that fill alterations. cultural beliefs may veto a pupil from execution a dissection in a lab. entirely of these are factors that a instructor essential believe about in the development of their programs and appraisals. educatee s execution and prior lore can in like manner act upon how a instructor plans their attainment ends, thrill, and appraisal. Teachers are mandatory for the first time to take in tuition about the pupils frontal learnedness and affiliation the sum and accomplishments to the pupil s conceptual get for larning. A instructor must rule all, or possible, contextual factors that are present in the school, territory, and community in which the work. By soul and cognizing the contextual factors a instructor can dangling fix their schoolroom direction so that all pupils are larning.

A Case Study At The HSBC

A Case hold At The HSBC Chapter 1 Literature re outlook 1.1 Over hand into of incarnate kind obligation The legal opinion that championship has duties to monastic order is firmly nearly-established, scorn the fact that in the past in that respect has been a novelty in the bearing people great deal the relationship amid occupancy and nightclub. legion(predicate) lookers suggest that companies which scotch in somatic amicable obligation obtain consumers overbearing product and notice evaluations, firebrand choice, brand recommendations, good posture to firm, good run into of the firm, purchase innovation and even get it on a bounteousness price. Spurred at least(prenominal) in start up by much(prenominal) evidences, more companies than always before atomic number 18 backing CSR initiatives much(prenominal) as somatic philanthropy, cause-related marketing, minority moderate programs, and mixerly trusty employment and manufacturing practices with hearty financial muscle. non surprisingly, this trend is in any case reflected in the permeating belief among business leaders that CSR is an economical imperative in todays national as well as global marketplace. that despite the change magnitude importance of CSR, in that location is little research available near CSRs contact on consumers. jibe to Yoon (2003), it is not tidy when and how CSR activities influence consumer evaluations. new researchers lead suggested that a CSR occupation powerfulness backfire on the society if the consumers support become louche and infer that the companys rightful(a) motive for the CSR activity is only to better its image to cuckold more products without seek to act for the interest of consumers 1.1.1 Defining somatic amicable Responsibility According to Kotler (1991), inembodied social righteousness is about doing business in a way that maintains or improves some(prenominal) the clients and societys well being Fombrun and Gordberg (2000)s point of view is that, bodied social Responsibility is something that no sane chairwoman should be without. On the other hand, Petkus and fragrant bedstraw (1992) believe CSR includes both avoiding harm and doing good. integrated social accountability is viewed as a companys fealty to pick at or pass by any hurtful effects and increase its long run unspoiled uphold on society. Corporate social righteousness activities include numerous factors videlicet conflux customer expectations, demonstrating commitment to environmental duty, better environmental performance, staying in the lead of the legislation, and increased employee motivation. Mohr, Webb, and Harris (2001, 47) restore CSR as a companys commitment to minimizing or eliminating any stabbing effects and maximising its long-run beneficial impact on society. Though, Angelidis and Ibrahim (1993) define integrated social state as incorporate social actions whose place is to satisfy social needs, Lerner and Fryxell (1988) suggest that CSR describes the completion to which organizational outcomes atomic number 18 consistent with social values and expectations. part some view CSR as an obligation, others, namely Enderle & Tavis (1998) define corporate social righteousness as the policy and practice of a corporations social intricacy over and beyond its legal obligations for the utility of the society at large. 1.1.2 Dimensions of Social Responsibility The property of social responsibility was propounded by Carroll (1979). It was proposed that organisations have to have 4 pillars that must be fulfilled to be good corporate citizens. They are economic Dimension. Economic responsibility is to be bankable for principals, by delivering a good timber product, at a fair price, is due(p) to customers.

Grant Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Grant - Research Proposal Examplestand that democracy is one of the main factors that have made countries such as United States, Britain, France, Japan, etc to be highly industrialized. This is because democracy is fitted to promote accountability in the governance system of a state.This in turn will minimize corruption, as well as encourage the administrators of a state to work hard, for the purposes of satisfying the various needs of the population. Furthermore, a democratic field has political stability, and the justice system serves all member of the society equally. This research is also interested in this concept of democratization, mainly because of the effects that face countries which are not democratic. For instance, in the year 2007, Kenya was able to experience deadly post election violence because of the undemocratic nature of its leaders (Iraki, 212). The elections were conducted, and because of serious breaches of election laws, President Kibaki won, amid oppositio n from his competitors. Kenya is not the only region to experience violence because of undemocratic behavior. Other countries include Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Zimbabwe, etc (Kilonzo, 247). Democracy is in that respectfore an important element that countries have to practice in encase they need to promote political stability, as well as economic development.This paper seeks to analyze democracy and democratic consolidation in Zimbabwe and Kenya. Zimbabwe is a country found in Southern Africa, and it is under the leadership of President Robert Mugabe, who took power in 1987 (Derman and Randi, 37). There are two main political parties in Zimbabwe, ZANU PF, light-emitting diode by President Mugabe and Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) that is led by Morgan Tsvangirai. Robert Mugabe has always been accused of undemocratic practices initiating policies that would make him cling to power (Derman and Randi, 37). For example, in the 2008 elections of Zimbabwe, there were a v ariety of irregularities, and this led to the declaration of

Classic Music and its Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classic music and its Form - Essay ExampleThere ar three pregnant composer in the classical period Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. They are responsible for many of the changes of the structure of musical forms of doings . The names of the flecks often illustrated what was going on in history or the name of the person for whom the piece was commissioned. Chamber music was reinvented. The symphony was reinvented. The Sonata Form is the foundation for the symphonys first movement, the sonata, the string quartets and the concerto. (ThinkQuest) The Sonata is for one solo instrument and the piano or harpsichord. The form changed a little bit from the baroque period. It is called the Sonata Principe. (ThinkQuest) It has three movements introduction of one theme, then the second theme is introduced. In the second movement, the two themes are developed and played together. The final movement plays the two themes giving the listener a sense that the chapter is being finished. The most import ant instrument can be the violin, flute or oboe for example. String Quartet was invented by Haydn. It has two violins, one viola and one cello. There are four movements. Other put up music was performed as the concerto with a string orchestra or the Concerto Grosso with a symphony orchestra. Haydn worked on all forms. He composed over 1000 pieces of music (Burrows 138 ) Orchestra Music became bigger in the classical period. It was not just chamber music. ... The forms of the movements took form in early classical music. In Beethovens 9th Symphony it was not utilize. The first movement is the sonata allegro. This form was contributed to Haydn. It was used in the early classical period as it was much(prenominal) open and less complicated than the sonata form in the baroque period. It is usually in the ABA form but can be in different variations. The second movement is in theme and variation. By the height of the churrigueresco period, the theme was played and then the variation was a mathematical effort to give every possible variation to sound. In this period the variation was more musical and the flowing of the music was more important than the chords. A Minuet and Trio is the third movement in ABA form. (Grout 486) The time is in 3/4 taking after a dance. The middle section is played more quietly often with solo instruments. The Rondo finishes the symphony with a bright quick piece of music with the theme and quickly in ABA form. Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was self taught. He helped establish the symphony form that we know today. He has 108 symphonies that are attributed to him (Burrows 137). Each one improves on the simplistic baroque form. The string quartet where there are four equal players is his true gift. (Grout 491) Mozart and Beethoven go on to write many more string quartets. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), a child prodigy who died a pauper. He was a prolific composer of all genres of music. (Burrows 149) Because he had played in all the courts of Europe, he used the styles of music in his own compositions. He was one of the first composers to try to work for himself without having to rely on a patron. Perhaps this is why he died a pauper. Ludwig Beethoven (1770-1827) was not as prolific a composer but his compositions

Implementation of a Customer Relation Management System (CRM) in B2B Term Paper

Implementation of a Customer Relation Management System (CRM) in B2B with the example of Aviation cable - experimental condition Paper ExampleTherefore, airline organisations need to develop new methods to manage the customer relationship in order to enhance customer loyalty and income. The impacts of orbicular economic downturn along with the terrorist attack of 9/11 have severely impacted on the aviation business. The airline companies concentrate on available developments in order to minimise expenses without ignoring the demand of customers. Customer relationship has nurtured for aviation companies to maintain competitive advantage and productivity in the long-run. The customer relationship anxiety (CRM) has become a tool for aviation companies for managing good association with the customers (Boland & et. al., 2002). The paper explains the CRM system in B2B business with concentration on aviation business. B2B allows one business to interrelate with other business. The deve loping technologies have enabled businesses to apply CRM system in B2B. The chief resemblance between B2B and CRM is that they both work on online platform. Therefore, developing and implementing CRM scheme on the basis of B2B model can result in low managerial expenses, well-organised marketing promotion and improved customer receptiveness. By using CRM in B2B, aviation organisations can increase the reach of customers and lessen the expenses of quality management (Zeng & et. al., 2003). The paper describes how CRM can be conducted in B2B aviation organisation. The objective of the paper is to meet various aspects of CRM in aviation organisations concerning designing, execution and procedure which must be considered in order to get positive results. 2. The Strategy 2.1 Design CRM Strategy some(prenominal) organisations pursue expensive CRM initiatives without considering the challenges and the expenses involved in them. Therefore, they are unable to get the benefits of CRM. IT and CRM managers are responsible for economic reasoning in order to make undisputable that CRM plans get appropriate funding. Aviation organisations must realise that CRM is a business strategy with underlying technology and it necessitates huge spending of money in software, hardware, communication, hearing and employee training. Objectives of CRM The major objective of CRM is to enhance the level of customer satisfaction. The task of CRM is not only providing technological support to the business, but it also acts as marketing philosophy for organisations. The one-to-one marketing system which has appeared in present days, proposes organisations to be more prosperous if they focus on gaining and preserving a portion of every customer, rather than a portion of entire market. In this context, information technology i.e. CRM can become an enabling aspect for organisations. With the improvements in technological innovations and the emergence of internet, CRM has become powerful suf ficiency to forecast the behaviours of customers, develop valueadded functions, reinforce the brand image and develop customer support functions. CRM is a technology empowered business approach whereby organisations specify increased customer information in order to establish commercial relationships, on the basis of optimisation of value provided to the customers. Customer satisfaction through implementation of CRM can be achieved by lessening of cost of services, development of

Policy Paper To The European Commissioner Essay

Policy Paper To The European Commissioner - Essay ExampleThe role of innovation basin be found to be extremely significant in the area of the digital thriftiness which seems to be the future of the economies of all developed and developing nations crosswise the world. Innovation can be built up by mobilizing and allocating the available resources in the economy, and boosting creativity by forecasting and responding to the demands in the most value reaping and matched manner. As such, the inclusion of the innovation factor in the aspects of all the growth drivers of the competition policy would help to enhance the effectiveness of the policies in the contemporary economical situations. Thus, it can be summarized from the above discussion that the innovations and modifications in the policies of the European Union, especially in the competition policies can act as critical drivers for the success of the economy in the contemporary environment. The factor of innovation can lead to ad ded efficiency and impacts of the existing competition policy of the Union and as such, distinct changes should be do in the competition policy as a way of delivering better results and negating the economic risks like market failures, redundancies in the economic constructs and competition distortions in the economy. However, the European Commission should make sure that the competition policies are formulated in a manner such that the aids can be provided to the entities functioning in the economy in a transparent, unbiased and nondiscriminatory manner and all the strategies.

Tesco Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tesco Marketing Plan - Essay ExamplePrice competition, backed by improved efficiency, is the main lark about of food retailing manufacturing today. UK food retailers fight for survival in markets faced with over-capacity. Within rapidly changing environment, this kind of development ensures that long-term survivors be those firms who be more competitive and are better able to satisfy consumer needs and adapt to the new competitive environment. In 2004, consolidation re-shape UK retailing industry and Hypermarket retailers (like Tesco) want to make sure they dont miss out on this growing area of the UK market (Moreau, 2004 Desjardins, 2005).The first marketing aim is to get the estimable goods to the right consumers, trying hard for customers. A nonher marketing aim is to build and promote healthy living brand. Knowing what individual customers appreciate and what they want to avoid fucking add up to one of differences that create a competitive advantage.C) Tesco customer sort outs are defined on the basis of their specific segments and buying potential whether they be country groups or individual consumer groups-of potential customers with homogeneous attributes who are likely to exhibit similar responses to a companys marketing mix. Tesco customers can be divided into phoebe bird broad categoriesThe second group of customers share universal wants, n... Life stage of customers (students, young adults, older adults, young families, older families, over 60s)lifestyle (Basket typology)Customers compulsive by product promotionsCustomers loyal to specific brands (New Marketing Techniques Search for the Edge, n.d.). The first group of consumers is characterized by strong purchase power. They need high quality product and lay out to pay for them. This is a high-income group. The second group of customers share universal wants, needs, desires, (for name brands, novelty, entertainment, trendy, and image-oriented products). This segment is attractive both in t erms of its size and its multi-billion dollar purchasing power. This segments needs and wants are spread over various product categories durable and nondurables goods. The third group is characterized by share few family activities they want build-to-order solutions. They do not need a specific brand or new product, but high service and product at low price. This is a fast-growing segment. Customers driven by product promotions are not usual visitors of Tesco being attracted by low price and discount for new products. They are deluged with passive information. The fifth group includes people whose tastes are based on desired standards. Quality is the main purchasing criteria of this group. Their choices are made on the basis of price and product features. diagrammatically these groups can be represented as follows 100% (customers)50%12345(Groups)It is important to note that there are some customers which belong to two different groups. For instance, they can represent lifestyle (Ba sket typology) group, but be loyal to specific brands. D) The main competitors of Tesco are Sainsbury and Asda. Minor competitors

Hrm case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hrm case study - Essay ExampleConclusion 9 1.1 Purpose of Report The purpose of this report is to critically analyze the backing operations of High Street paradise which is a high street retail store chain that has proved to be sooner successful. Owing to the global economic scenario however, the retailer has been experiencing difficulties and facing problems in meeting its strategic goals. 1.2 Introduction The first bankrupt of the paper will discuss the problems existence faced by High Street Heaven in meeting its strategic objectives, this discussion will be followed by recognizing the areas of strength for the retailer as well its opportunities. In conclusion, the report will put forward applicable plans of action and recommendations that are backed by extensive research and literature to bring up what the business stooge do in order to address its organizational issues. These recommendations and suggestions will specifically be in the context of how the Human Resources div ision of the business can contribute in tackling the challenges being faced by the organization. 1.3 Strategic Objectives of the Business Before the problems and challenges being faced by High Street Heaven are identified it is important to establish the strategic objectives of the business, according to Bartol and Martin (2005) objectives and goals that are said to be strategic are extensive aims that are developed by the top management. Shrivastava (1987) suggests that the importance of these objectives is such that they include fundamental aspects related to the survival of even the most prolific businesses therefore, the setting of strategic objectives is not only contain to small and medium enterprises but each and every organization, regardless of its size and scale of operations. From a market standing High Street Heaven seeks to rivet on growth and expansion by stepping into the markets of 8 major cities in the United Kingdom by 2017. In analyzing the problems and challeng es that the achievement of this strategic objective faces, it is compulsory that the organizational and environmental factors of the retailer that are posing probable challenges should be analyzed. 2. Discussion of findings from SWOT and PESTLE analysis Problems and Challenges A SWOT helps managers to understand the threats and weaknesses of a business along with its strengths and opportunities (Bartol and Martin, 2006). Anthony (2008) adds that another important tool in the overall assessment of the usual environment is that of the PESTLE analysis, which focuses on political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that put up a significant impact not only on the operations of a business but in the achievement of its strategic objectives. As this part of the report focuses mainly on the challenges being faced by the High Street Heaven, the threats and weaknesses of the organization would be assessed first along with an understanding of the shape of its general environment. 2.1 Problem/Challenge A The Global Economic Downturn From an external perspective, the business faces the global economic downturn which poses a grave threat to the successfulness of the retailer and its plans for expansion. Sloman (2005) reports that an economy in recession sees minimal growth or no growth and in turbulent scenarios the prevailing economic situation can even cause the overall output to diminish. This certainly is an alarming situation for the high street retailer owing to its primary

Advantages to employers in instituting family-friendly policies Research Paper

Advan tages to employers in instituting family-friendly policies - Research Paper ExampleA humanss spiritedness comes with a lot of responsibilities to fulfill.But these responsibilities sometimes prove to be difficult to manage such as the twist life and the family life.But effective work life balance establishes itself to be a win-win situation for both the employer and the employee. It helps to retain the employees and also increase their performance by providing them benefits that makes the juggling between home life and work life easier and flexible. But like every human phenomena, it also has a flipside. The job sharing d oneness to accommodate the work that could not be completed is given to the employees who dont have children. This makes them to work out two jobs for a single wage. Hence, effective distribution of the work is the key in here. Introduction Life is not easy. There be many spheres in our lives that hold equal importance and hence we need to manage all of th em. Our work, our family, our accessible life and our health are some of the areas that we need to juggle between. Neglecting any of them proves to be harsh on us. New age employers are now apprehension this fact and taking initiatives to make work life much more flexible and hence happier, by employing family friendly policies. To twenty-four hours, employing family friendly policies is not just virtually the happiness of the employees, but its also about the attaining the status for an employer which increases his value in the market and gives him a gut above the rest with the help of the tag a good employer. ... This in turn affects their performance as a whole which drives to a dip further in their job satisfaction (Halpern, 2005). If they are not satisfied, this feeling will further have a loading on their personal lives. The stress they experience will have its dire formula on their health. Many diseases that can result out of this are hypertension, heart disease, polycys tic ovarian disease and so on. This can be seen in times of scotch nose-dives such as recession. This was a time where the employees didnt have a clear idea as to will they retain their jobs the next consequent day or will they be called- off from their jobs. The new age employers understand the importance of keeping employees happy even in the hardest of times because this will lead to greater production for the organizations stated goals. Some of the family friendly policies can be that the organizations provides coverage for prescription drugs, hospital bills, basic clinicians expenses and opposite paramedical services such as the visits to a psychologist. The juggle between work and family and the tight schedule where in to sit comfortably and contemplate for ones life becomes a rare luxury. Taking this scenario into account, we need to understand that an employee is also a human being and may also get stinking spells of depression and frustration and hence there might be a n eed for him to vent out all the anger and pain that is loitering around with him in all his spheres of life, making them even more unmanageable. Here comes a need for a psychologist. A incorrect thought pattern may lead to faulty behavioral tendencies. Next Level Games is a Vancouver based organization that understands this fact and gives coverage

Borders Group Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

B influences Group Inc - Essay ExampleThe B bon tons Company facilitates online shopping by their website, Borders.com. This facility assists customers to get easy access to companys products and run from any part of the globe any time. It mainly offers e-books through online shopping and it to boot offers a desktop e-Reader for computers, which would also suit many other applications. Similarly, Borders promotional tactics involve offers sent to customers as e-mails and text messages. The company gives great fierceness on collaborated operations because the firm believes that this practice would ensure organizational sustainability and further business elaborateness. For instance, the Borders formed an agreement with Starbucks subsidiary Seattles Best Coffee so as to enhance its expansion activities. Another notable feature of the company is that Borders international expansion is based on franchising strategy. Likewise, diversification is also one of the main grand strategies of Borders. Recently, in 2008, the company opened 14 stores nationwide that offer variety of electronic devices such as MP3 players and Sony Reader. 3. Long-term objectives It is evident that international expansion is set as Borders long term objective. The company has opened a large number of stores in different parts of the world namely in UK, Singapore, Malaysia, Oman, and Sharjah. The words of Borders group chief executive officer George Jones (cited in The loosen Library) indicate that the company emphasizes on the superstore business because the management believes that superstore is the foundation of their strong brand. later on a failure in global market, the firm... Borders seems not to have employed this strategy so far. To illustrate, its online prices are always different from that of in-store prices and they are subject to changes without vainglorious any prior notice (Borders). The company tends to charge an additional premium for this facility. Focus strategy invo lves concentration on narrow market segments in order to focus the interests of that segment (Marketing Plan). Grand strategy involves framing comprehensive plans to meet the major objectives of a firm by employing all available weapons such as market, product, organizational development through acquisition, divestiture, diversification, joint ventures, and strategic alliances (Grand strategy). The Borders Company facilitates online shopping through their website, Borders.com. This facility assists customers to get easy access to companys products and services from any part of the globe any time. Long-term objectivesIt is evident that international expansion is set as Borders long term objective. The company has opened a large number of stores in different parts of the world namely in UK, Singapore, Malaysia, Oman, and Sharjah. The words of Borders group chief executive officer George Jones (cited in The Free Library) indicate that the company emphasizes on the superstore business b ecause the management believes that superstore is the foundation of their strong brand. In addition, the firm frames wide ranges of marketing and promotional tactics in order to maintain brand loyalty.

Challenges expected and Most Surprising things in The Martian Essay

Challenges expected and Most Surprising matters in The Martian - Essay interpreterIn the apologue, Weir did not depict the details of futuristic equipment that astronauts take with them on Mars. There is no absolute idea that surprises the readers. However, Mark is the last person left-hand(a) in chain of command who is most qualified person. Challenge is not in the strands of protagonist standing on the Mars challenge is to make the strands to a greater extent exciting and funny to read it (Scalzi).Death is expected after the departure, Red Mars and training the back cover of book The Martin. The Martian novel sounds in parts as like the movie Armageddon. John McLane has scarified himself to ensure that asteroid does not like to turn the Earth into trivial putty where every thing has broken down at the rate of one Gogol in a femtosecond. Nobody dies instead of it counting the potatoes and bacteria.Thanks to Jackie, who was a wonderful lady as she said never leave me for anythin g ever? Character of Mark Watney is more than I dream off for ever. Removing the vulgarity from it makes the The Martian book better reading than any other books that reveals the living on the Mars under the non-ideal circumstances.I cannot have many expectations from reading of The Martian, because of my little interest in the space. Plot of the novel is sounded very similar like other space movies and novels, which have come out. Therefore, no difference is expected by reading it to other space narrations. It is a good deal glad to say that one is pleasantly surprised and find difficulty in leaving the book on table.

To what extent is netanyahu speech in Congress 2015 view the nuclear Movie Review

To what extent is netanyahu speech in Congress 2015 view the atomic deal - Movie Review physical exerciseIt consists of two houses the House of Representatives and the senate. The congress meets in capitol which is located in Washington D.C. Benjamin claimed that this deal would create two chief concessions which act as a threat to Israels security as well as the region. This will be through retention of Irans ability to initiate a nuclear weapons program.1 Netanyahu termed it as a bad deal and explained that Israel is much better without the deal. The speech welcomed mixed views and responses from people of all the walks of life as the document analyzes.1The speech encompassed fond views against the American Iranian negotiations that are underway. This speech stirred up some political controversy of the two countries. He noted that these negotiations will just see that Tehran constricts the nuclear weapons to harm the entire world. Netanyahu also noted that from the previous at tempts, it is evident that Iran is a nation that cannot be trusted. This is irrespective of whatever they say in terms of whichever accord designed to stop it from acquiring those weapons. He also noted in the speech that the world is now facing the danger of the Muslim militant marriage with the nuclear weapons.The members of the house expressed varying opinions concerning these Netanyahus words. A loud applause was received. However the applause came from the republicans while the democrats revealed a moderate reaction. According to Netanyahu, after the deal will be done Iran was to receive two major concessions. One concession was to leave intact the Irans coarse nuclear infrastructure. The other concession was to lift the restrictions on this program in like a decade. According to Netanyahu, the world should make sure that no restrictions get lifted on the nuclear program on Iran (New York Times 2). This will be until Iran stops all the aggressive activities against its neighb ors in Mideast, seize supporting act of terrorism in the globe and refrain from annihilating

Bookstore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bookstore - Essay ExampleThe consistency of the crowd reflected that this book was aimed at an audience with a literary inclination and a level of psyche to understand and appreciate sensitive subjects like the one covered in A Million Nightingales. Eavesdropping into low pitched conversations around me further confirmed that well-nigh every person present there was a connoisseur of history and literature. The otherwise quaint and silent book- store was now filled with soft murmurs and dull discussions as people bunched into groups and exchanged views and opinions about the book and the author. the ambience was very appropriate for a literary event as every member of the group was focused on the purpose. The much awaited moment arrived as Susan Straight walked into the store and seated herself on the podium after a warm salutation and a smile. SusanStraight is a pleasant looking woman and a mother of three daughters and teaches creative writing at the University of California, Ri verside. She does most of her writing by peck in little notebooks whenever she gets a few odd minutes to spare. I discovered from one of her interviews that she firmly believes in the dictum that When you read all the time, vocabulary comes naturally to you.

Challenges of International Operations Management Essay

Challenges of International Operations Management - Essay ExampleThe assumption of TQM is quite unembellished whole tone improvement can be attained if a firm drafts a management philosophy of continuous improvement and breeds the required best practices (Juran, 1993). stepwise and patiently, majoritiy of international organisations have been effective at the implementation of TQM practices during the previous decade, with more than satisfactory outcomes. For instance, United Parcel Service, Motorola, Ford, Cadillac, Nestl, Airbus, Shell, Toyota and Phillips are some of the more popular TQM achievers in the global marketplace. However, it may be worthy to note that their quality practices took substantial time and paitence to conceptualise, draft, and implement. Much more so, was the time necessary for these best practices to mature and to be maintained.Quality gurus such as Deming, Juran, Scholtes and Crosby taught that organisations ought to adopt a quality improvement approach fr om a long-term perspective. They also gave a warning that attaining some quality improvement may close to lead to complacency. Moreover, they concur that obstacles to quality may include a whole host of factors, encompassing both novel and veritable organisationa issues (Walton, 1986). Quality experts contend that majority of quality enhancement research are inclined on concentrating on the initial start-up phase of the improvement process and is somewhat lacking on considering long-term challenges (Mann & Kehoe, 1995). Studies on organisational life cycles and organisational development has apparently illustrated that as firms grow, mature, and grow more stable, several issues are brought forth at individually cycle of the phase. Certain quality gurus hold a similar perspective on the quality improvement cycle that exists as the firm proceeds with an initial start-up, followed by a development phase at which maturity as a TQM firm ensues (Harrington, 1987).The initial TQM start -up phase necessitates breaking exercises the

Islamic Politics and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Islamic Politics and Culture - Essay ExampleFrom the Sunnis point of view, the immediate caliphs (four in number), were the rightful(prenominal) heirs of Mohammad and they be the one recognized as the leaders of Muslims (Lyon 86). This therefore implies that the Sunnis believed that authority is dictated from the immediate descendants of seer Mohammad. Shiites, on the other hand, believe that Prophet Mohammads son in law, Ali, was the rightful heir of the Islamic throne ((Lyon 86)). This therefore implies that Shia only recognized Ali as the legitimate successors of Prophet Mohammed. Therefore, even though both of these sects believed in Mohammad as their initial leader, upon his death, there arose differences on who was rightfully supposed to inherit his throne.Mostly, stand out differences between these two sects is not unremarkably religious but political. According to Sigh, Shiites believed that their leader was pure and blameless by nature, they believed that they were absolu tely sinless and that their authority is out of question since it is given directly from Allah (26). Therefore, Shia Muslims very much look at the Imams as saints and perform excursions to their tombs and shrines in the anticipation of divine intervention. Sunni Muslims on the other hand pledge that there is no foundation in Islam for a heritable advantaged class of spiritual leaders, and there is certainly no base for the honor or intercession of saints. Sunni Muslims maintain that the headship of the community is not a patrimony, but an earned trust that could be assigned or taken away by the Islamic people.Equally important, the Islamic religion entitles both the Sunni and Shiite are to a daily organized prayers at a specific time. However, these two sects usually practice certain rituals in different ways. Sacred practices also start in terms of the scriptures that are conventional to them. While Shiites generally only recognize hadith attributable to Muhammads direct lineage or to descendants of Ali, Sunni on the contrary take a

Stinky Trainers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stinky Trainers - Essay ExampleThis authority that the peachys are owned by the seller (retailer in this grammatical case) and, therefore, the seller cannot deny ownership because he is not the manufacturer (Nike). The case of Rowland v Divall applies in this scenario. In this car was bought by the plaintiff from the defendant who was not the owner. It was held that the rightful owner could recover the car. The next consideration here will be whether the parents crap a right to arrogate as off the beaten track(predicate) as aim description is concerned. According to section s.13 (1), Where there is a contract for selling goods based on description, condition implies that the goods must correspond with the description. Therefore, this means that goods must agree with the description. The fact that Nike agreed that they had put a cotton canvas in place of artificial lining, implies that the good does not correspond to the description. Therefore, the parents have a right to clai m for replacement or refund. This scenario is equivalent to case of Beale v Taylor 1967. This concerned a car, which was made of a collection of several vehicles soldered together. The otherwise issue here can also be a consideration of whether the parents have a right as far as the quality of the home is concerned. The cases of goods which are usable, but do not meet specific expectations (they have some defect) are addressed in sections.14 (2). The parents have a right to claim for refund or replacement because the shoes are stinky (they are usable but have some defect) and cause embarrassment to the wearer. This is similar to the case law Rogers and another v Parish (Scarborough) Ltd and another 1988. During this case, it was held by the court of appeal that a Range Rover was not of satisfactory quality (un merchantable) even though it was fit to drive. This was because it had a number of defects. Similarly under the same section s.14(2) SOGA 1979, it is not mandatory that the goods be inspected during the time of buying (by the consumer), and that protection against defective good is allowed even if Matt had observed that a cotton canvas was put under the laces. Therefore, it can be argued that Matts parents can claim for rift of contract. The other part will deal with whether or not Matts parents have a right to argue any statements made by Nike Company when contacted by the Watchdog. For instance, one of the statements read In isolated instances when such a problem has occurred, the company recommends returning of the product to the retailer where the footwear is purchased to lease for a refund or replacement. This statement means that the company accepts to refund the cost of goods purchased if they are found to have a default or do not meet the standards specified. However, they have not mentioned anything concerning liability for any damage caused because of using the shoes. Finally, under rights we shall consider whether the parents have a right to discharge the contract or not. Section s.15 (Sale of Goods Act) implies that the buyer regardless of the magnitude of the damage can discharge a contract (whether big or small). The case law similar to this was that of Arcos Ltd. V E.A. Ronaasen & Son 1933 A. C. 470. This section, however, does not give consideration to liability in clear terms. Therefore, the parents have

Intro to Security Final Project Essay Example for Free

Intro to Security Final Project EssayDue in Week Nine Write 3 to 4 paragraphs enceinte a bottom-line summary of the specific measure equal to(p) goals and objectives of the security computer programme, which can be implemented to define optimal security architecture for the selected business scenario. The objective of the Security indemnity is to provide the basis of a tell information system within the salad days Design Group. This policy ordain protect the information system from threats that personify in nature as well as disasters that exist from humans. The policy exit also give consideration to the privacy, reputation, intellectual property and productivity of Bloom Design Group.The efficient operation of this company is dependent on being able to entre and use resources within the building and being able to away access with security. Each employees responsibility must be considered and appropriate access give be given to ensure that information is shared only w ith those who wee-wee the authority to have it. This policy will ensure the adherence to the Bloom Design Group policies but also with any government regulations. By passing the access to certain groups of users, the security policy will guard against misuse of selective information and information.All processes that are within the system will be reorient with the policy and executed automatic all toldy to ensure that the policy is effectively protecting the information and resources in a continuous manner. Any disruptions or security risks will be dealt with immediately and automatically by means of the system software that has been established and configured for these purposes. 3. Introduction Due in Week One springtime an overview of the company and the security goals to be achieved. 3. 1. Company overview As relates to your selected scenario, give a brief 100- to 200-word overview of the company.The Bloom Design Group is an interior design business that offers operate to cl ients globally. There is a corporate office in New York and a secondary office located in Los Angeles. The groups website allows clients a practical(prenominal) decorating tool, where they are able to get an idea of the design and color scheme they would like to see and how it may look after the design is completed. This is a abundant tool to aid the client in devising decisions, backed up by consultation by experienced interior designers as well.The designers are able to access their client files and style guides utilized by the company. The designers will also be able to process orders for materials and furniture when accessing the website. Access is gained by a estimable login and password. The employees and designers of this company conduct most of their business remotely and access the interlock via a secure VPN. 3. 2. Security policy overview Of the different types of security policiesprogram-level, program-framework, issue-specific, and system-specificbriefly sulk which type is appropriate to your selected business scenario and why.For The Bloom Design Group, a program-framework policy would be appropriate. The corporate office would set the security policy as it pertains to interlocking usage. The program-framework policy would cover the WAN, the entire organization would be covered by it and all decisions related to how data is accessed by the workforce. This would require an acceptable use policy, which pertains to all areas of access including remote access, authorized data retrieval and retention, and connections within the WAN. 3. 3. Security policy goalsAs applies to your selected scenario, explain how the confidentiality, integrity, and availability principles of information security will be addressed by the information security policy. 3. 3. 1. Confidentiality Briefly explain how the policy will protect information. Using the program-framework policy will help in making it possible that only those with authorized access to the companys d ata will be the ones doing so. VPN technology will be utilized for these individuals and devices only. These will refer their privileges as long as the policy is complied with.The VPN will be watched so as to minimize risk of unauthorized access, keep user and data confidentiality as much as possible over the internet, ensure the reliability of the companys system as well as those systems of the authorized users of the network. 3. 3. 2. integrity Give a brief overview of how the policy will provide rules for authentication and verification. Include a description of formal methods and system transactions. The program-framework policy will maintain the data and keep it secure, reliable, and free from corruption.The policy will keep unauthorized users from gaining, retaining, modifying, or deleting data of the company by means of firewalls, encryptions, and anti-spyware or anti malware tools. The VPN will be secured with using a tool that provides encryption and user authentication. Intrusion detection tools will also help protect the VPN. 3. 3. 3. Availability Briefly run along how the policy will address system back-up and retrieval, access control, and quality of service. The program framework policy will maintain that authorized individuals, users, and systems will have access to information in its original format and at all times.The IT department will keep the business continuity plan up to date and and secure it in such case that there is a need for it due to emergencies. The company will create a business impact analysis which will evaluate risks to the companys data and systems will be ready to be used for recovery of data if needed. A disaster recovery plan will also be created with step by step implementation to ensure recovery and continuation of business operations in the event recovery is needed due to loss.A risk analysis will be created to further identify and take steps to secure the companys data. dependable cooperation from each department and the administration of the company is needed for these plans to be effective. Training will be conducted in order to ensure that all are manageable to the plan. (Merkow Breithaupt, 2006). 4. Disaster Recovery Plan Due in Week Three For your selected scenario, describe the key elements of the Disaster Recovery Plan to be used in case of a disaster and the plan for testing the DRP. 4. 1. Risk Assessment 4. 1. 1.Critical business processes List the mission-critical business systems and services that must be protect by the DRP. The Bloom Design Group has the need of protecting their general support systems. These are the mission-critical systems and services to be concerned with. They are related to network connectivity, access to the internet and various resources through applications that will rest on the network that will aid in the daily productivity of the company. The following hark of systems is includes the assets that must be protected by this plan.

My Reasons Why Homework Isnt a Good Idea Essay Example for Free

My Reasons Why Homework Isnt a Good Idea Es assureGo to school for seven hours, go to practice for two hours, go home and do homework until you f completely a catnap. That is the life of most high school students. We are all so industrious with schoolwork, clubs and not to mention our outside of school life. Homework is just a source of stress and anxiety for a crew of busy students and takes a lot time out of busy schedules. I think this is a worry that could be eliminated. Student athletes eitherwhere know what I mean when I say that when you have away games, you do not want to think about coming home to do homework on an already late night. It is tangled enough to finish all of the homework that teachers assign when all you have is a regular practice. As you spawn older and take harder classes, the homework encumbrance and the amount of tests and quizzes as well increase. Studying for these also take time and most of the time you just feel rushed to get through everythi ng you have to do that night. Therefore you dont retain all of the information that you tried to cram into your head. I know of some multitude who really fagt finish all of their homework at night either because they have so much to do or they prioritize between studying for a big test or getting a good grade on a homework assignment. Homework is an added on stress to young people who participate in sports, clubs, and band and that stress can be taken out in destructive ways.Another reason I think that students shouldnt have as much homework as we do is because we already go to school five out of seven days of a calendar week for seven hours a day. We go to school for a reason and that reason is to victimize but we shouldnt have to bring schoolwork home when we already have been to school that day. Also, most of the information we learn will neer be applied in our lives or be helpful to us. I can understand the occasional paper to write or story to read and definitely studying for tests, but I think we just need to learn what we will actually use in life rather than extra information. Its impractical for teachers to assign homework about things that I will never hear of or use again. It seems like a waste of everyones time.My last argument is that most students dont get enough sleep because they are so busy all the time. The students that participate in something where they have practices or obligations that they have to attend to are usually the ones that actually do all of their homework and studying, in that locationfore get less sleep than they are supposed to. Adults always say you should get eight hours of sleep if not more every night but that is all but impossible when you have so much to do. I know personally Im lucky to get seven hours of sleep on a good night and I always wake up exhausted. Lack of sleep is a very expert problem for people my age. Also, if you would be able to get to more sleep at night then they most likely wouldnt fall som nolent in class or have such a hard time staying awake. If you are more alert in class you will also get more out of the lesson and understand the material better.There are so many reasons that homework isnt a good or potent idea. Students dont get as much sleep and have a hard time staying awake in and out of class. They wont get as much studying time for major tests and wont retain as much information when all they are try to do is get everything that they need to do that night done. Finally, we already go to school for large amounts of time and do a lot of work there and then they try to make us do even more outside of class. School is basically like a full time origin for students and if you participate in extracurriculars than it just seems like everything gets so clustered in your life. I believe homework is an unnecessary stress that can be eliminated for the young people today.

Language, Culture And Thought

oral communication, Culture And ThoughtABSTRACTLanguage is the basic means of communication in every goal. Language expresses cultural reality of the speakers in every society. Language is a socially acquired phenomenon and all the culturally bound talking tos differ dramatically from 1 another in terms of the description of the natural world. Language not only embodies cultural reality but it is also viewed as a symbol of social indistinguishability This assignment explores incompatible ship passelal in which the world is expound by the speakers of different languages due to their cultural diversity and its effect on different ways of intellection about the world. The study reviews the description of spatial terms, worldly terms, substances and objects by different speakers of different languages belonging to different cultures and its effect on the ways of thinking about the world around us.Keywords language, thought, culture, aloofness, time, objects, substance, lingua l relativity, Whorf, Sapir dustup, CULTURE AND THOUGHTLanguage is a complex phenomenon for human communication. In the domain of communication each language of the world is different from the other on both lingual and cultural grounds. This diversity in world languages from linguistic standpoints ranges from the clear distinction of pronunciation and phraseology to the more(prenominal) complex differences of grammar. The diversity of cultural standpoints related to different languages can be inflictn in the variety of cultural connotations assigned to these linguistic codes. The faceation adoptive by different languages to the same sentence such(prenominal) as, the professor delivered the lecture, is different to each culture. In English, the verb delivered observes the past tense. In Indonesian and Mandarin, the verb never changes to mark tense. In Russian, the verb is changed to mark tenses and sexual activity, so if the subject is female instead of male, then a different ve rb is used from the verb that is used for the male. Similarly, in Russian, the verb is also changed to mark whether the unharmed lecture was delivered or only part of it was delivered by the professor. In Turkish, the verb even specifies weather the delivery of lecture was witnessed or it was a gossip. It is app atomic number 18nt the speakers of different languages see the different aspects of the world to use their language properly (Gumperz and Levinson 1996) Do these features of language affect the way their speakers think about the world?The idea that thought is mold by language is most commonly associated with the works of American linguistics Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf. According to Whorf, the categories of every human language present a way of perceiving, analyzing and acting in the world. The strong view of the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis that thought and actions are completely determined by language has been rejected in the theatre of linguistics. However, answering a less deterministic weaker version does language affect thought has proven to be a very difficult t implore for the investigators. In recent times researches have found new evidences which highlight the effects of language on thought. This assignment discusses the effect of language on peoples thinking of space time, substance, and objects.Research QuestionTo what extent are the world views and mental activities of members of a social grouping shaped by, or dependent on, the language they use?LANGUAGE AND CULTUREThe word culture is etymologically derived from the Latin word cultura, which means to cultivate and different philosophers such as Voltaire, Hegel, Humboldt and Kant assign different meaning to it. In antiquity, culture was referred to the opposite of nature, something that is willingly produced by man. (Dahl 2001) In 18th century, the term was used to describe elite and high-culture concepts in continental Europe.According to Dahl, culture is a together with held set of attributes, which is dynamic and changing over time. It is the totality of values, beliefs, basic assumptions as well as code of social behavior in a society. case-by-case are made by culture on one level and culture is made by individuals on the other. (Dahl 2001)Language is the basic means for communication in a society. Language is primarily related with culture in the domain of communication. Speakers communicate their ideas, feelings and facts with language both in inter and intra societal setups. Hence, we can assign that language expresses cultural reality. (Kramsch, 3 2005)Language is not only a mean of expressing experience but it also creates experience. Speakers give meaning to such an experience through various mediums, such as, mass media, internet, telephonic conversations, presentations, etc. The medium with which language is used also designate meaning to experience, for example, the phonologic and supra-segmented phonological features of language. Hence, we ca n say that language embodies a cultural reality. (Kramsch, 3 2005)In every society the collective set of social values, beliefs, norms and mores are transmitted from one multiplication to another by the process of socialization. Hence, culture is a socially acquired knowledge. If we observe language from this standpoint, it is observable that language is also transmitted from one generation to another through the process of socialization. It is, therefore, evident that language is also a socially acquired knowledge. (Horton and Hunt 2005)Finally, the speakers of one language identify themselves with a particular group through their peculiar way of using language. This characteristic of individuals in a group signify that language is viewed a symbol of social identity. Hence, we can say that language symbolized culture. (Kramsch, 3 2005)EFFECTS OF LANGUAGE ON THOUGHTSpaceLanguages differ from each other in the description of the setting of space. For example, In English, it is diffe rent to put something in which it is contained (the orange in the plate, the letter in envelope) and putting things onto surfaces (the orange on the table, the sticker on refrigerator door). In Korean, putting an orange in a bowl uses a different term (nehta) from putting a letter in an envelope (kitta). Additionally, putting a letter in envelops and putting sticker on the refrigerator is both expressed by the similar term Kitta because both involves close fitting.McDonough et al. (2000) conducted a research to test whether the linguistic differences between English and Korean speaker affects the representation of spatial relations. He showed scenes containing examples of tight and loose fit to Korean and English adults. The Korean adults looked longitudinal at the example scenes compared to English adults. After that they were shown tight fit on one screen and loose fit on another and were asked to distinguish between them. The Korean adults were quick to identify between the tig ht fit and lose fit, whereas, the English adults were unable to distinguish between the tight fit and the lose fit, and they took relatively longer time than the Korean adults. Further, when these speakers were given several example of tight fight and one example of lose fight (or vice versa). The Korean adults could easily split out the odd ones, but the English adults could not. This study concluded that the distinctions of settings reinforced by the particular languages remained central in the representation of their spatial settings.TimeLanguages are also different from one another because of the difference in the descriptions of time. In English language, the conception of time is represented in horizontal terms. For example, students may ask the teacher to move the test forward, or the teacher may push the test back for the students. Similarly, the speakers of Mandarin language also use terms qian (front) and hou (back) to represent time in horizontal terms. However, the spea kers of Mandarin also uses vertical terms such as shang (up) and xia (down) to describe time which in English signifies last and adjacent respecitively. The use of the vertical terms of time in Mandarin is more common in than the horizontal terms of time.In a study conducted by Borodistsky (2001), it was found that the Mandarin speakers think about time vertically even when they are thinking for English. The Mandarin speakers were quick to answer questions such as butt on comes before April when they were shown objects in a vertical order before questioning compared to the English speakers. Similarly, the English speakers gave quick response to this answer when they were showed objects arranged in a horizontal order before the question were asked from them for the study, compared to the Mandarin speakers.The researcher in another attempt gave English and Hebrew speaking adults sets of pictures that showed some kind of temporal progression such as, pictures of a man aging, or a pla nt growing, or an apple being eaten. (Boroditsky 2002) They were asked to arrange the shuffled photos on the ground to show the even out temporal order. They were tested in two separate sittings, each time facing a different direction. The English speakers arranged the cards in a way that time progresses from left to right. The Hebrew speakers arranged the cards in a way that time progresses from right to left, showing that the direction of writing plays a role in the progression of time. ObjectsLanguage also differs in the way the names of the objects are arranged into grammatical categories. Unlike English, many languages assign gender to all the nouns. A recent set of studies suggested that grammatical gender given to objects by the language influence the mental representation of these objects by the people (Boroditsky and Schmitt 2003).The researcher gave pictures of people (male and female) and also pictures of objects (having opposite genders in German and Spanish) to two gro ups of German and Spanish speakers. They were asked to rate similarities between the pictures of objects and pictures of people. Both groups rated grammatically feminine objects to be more similar to females and grammatically masculine objects more similar to males as described by their languages. This test was a complete nonlinguistic test.In Spanish, the word for samara is feminine, while the German word for key is masculine. The Spanish and German speakers were asked to provide descriptive adjectives for different objects. German speakers described keys as hard, heavy, jagged, metal, and useful, while Spanish speakers described them as golden, intricate, little, lovely, and shiny. For the word bridge, which is feminine in German and masculine in Spanish, the opposite happened. Germans described bridges as beautiful, elegant, fragile, and peaceful, while Spanish speakers said they were big, dangerous, long, and strong. endingLanguages appear to influence many aspects of human cog nition evidence regarding space, time, objects, has been reviewed in this assignment. Further studies have also found effects of language on peoples spirit of numbers, colors, and shapes, events, and other minds. Considering the many ways in which languages differ, the findings reviewed here suggest that the mental lives of people who speak different languages may differ much more than previously thoughtBeyond showing that speakers of different languages think differently, these results suggest that linguistic processes are pervasive in most fundamental domains of thought.

Problems Approaching Ancestral Worship In The Korean Protestant Religion Essay

Problems Approaching Ancestral Worship In The Korean Protestant Religion EssayThis paper go away examine the ch bothenges in the Korean Protestant community dealing with catching worship. S let onh Korea still remains to be a strong Confucianism state, which contains rich systems of rituals. completely the same since the Protestant church rejects all practice sessions of patrimonial worship it has become a serious problems in the Korean Christian community. Some families within the Christian community still remains to practice ancestral worship and others have switched to chudoyebe. The question of the solar day is, is ancestral worship a sin to honor your pargonnts? The paper forget reveal unfermented ideologies towards ancestral worship in the Korean content, starting signal with the keyword ancestral worship (jesa).First lets determine whether ancestral worship fits into the Korean ritual practice of their ancestors. This paper result distinguish between the ancient pra ctices with the contemporary practices. Normally, this worship is practiced eight quantify a year on the death commemoration days from the ordinal generation beyond his parents and the other four includes seasonal holidays.1Many scholars who studied ancestor worship identify there are two types of drifts (good or benevolent ancestor and evil temper or ghost). These distinctions are do through the cause of their death. For moral bad spirits is when a person commits self-destruction or dies in an accident and it is predicted that these spirits wonder around the world and do harm to people. up to now good spirits protect their descendants and family and these deaths are normal deaths.2But the contemporary ancestral worship has changed in recent years. Confucian funerals are no longer practiced since it deals with complex re-creates.3This represents a Brobdingnagian transformation in our society concepts, values, and norms of funeral had changed which can imply our society is changing. thitherfore we can also examine if ancestral worship had changed.Ancestral Worship in KoreaKorea is bedn for its mixture of beliefs, such(prenominal) as up to the 14th century Korea was a Buddhist country up to the 14th century. During the Joseon dynasty (1392) the government adopted Korea as a Confucian government and steady today Korea is one of the most Confucianism countries in East Asia. Ancestral worship is one of the four important Confucian rituals and it is prevalent in piecey countries around the world. The families make regular visits to their ancestral etchs and perform the ritual. Korean families who perform these rituals perform during January 1 (sul), August 15 (chusok, lunar calendar), Hansik Day in March.Funeral ordinances in a Confucianism tradition is when a person dies, the ashes is brought to the family and is dressed in a clean cloth. The children then bequeathing watch at the deathbed and is to fulfill obligations such as writing down the las t words of their parent. Date and time is very important at death, for shell they bequeath put the clean cloth before the late breathe. When the death is confirmed, ornaments are removed and tomentum is loosened and the children weep bitterly. One of the family member bequeath take the upper garment and go outside facing north and climb up on the roof and call the deceased name and usurp the name pok which means return (this is called ko bok).4When these ceremony is over the family prepares nutrient for the messenger (saja) who escorts the dead be to the other world (the food is prepared with terzetto bowls of sieve, vege fudges, soy sauce, money and terce pairs of straw shoes). Then the body is removed from the deathbed and the body is turned to the north and thumbs are tied together. The mourner exiting put only put one sleeve of upper garment (left side if it is father and right side if it is mother). A person who is experience will make a spirit called honbaek with s tring and paper. These string and paper is placed on a small box called honbaek (spirit box).People believe in triple spirits and seven souls. One will disappear with the messenger by and by death, one will stay with the body, and the other will wander around the world. The spirit box protects this last spirits. The seven souls are two eyes, two nostrils, two ears and the mouth. These seven souls are attached to the body after death.The next important st years is sup washing of the body of the deceased. One man will bring warm water brewed with mugwort or juniper and other helpers will hold the corners which was use to cover the body. The body will be washed with a clean piece of cloth that has been soaked in water.5When the washing process is finished, finger nails and hair is cut and placed into a four small bags known as choballang, which later is placed into the coffin.After the body is washed, the corpse is dressed in grave clothes and before the face is covered, a person wil l place rice on the corpse mouth and say a hundred sacks of rice and atomic number 16 time, a thousand sacks of rice and for the last time ten thousand sacks of rice. After this is done, a coin in placed on the mouth.The body is bounded with a long cloth known as yom, where both sides are twisted so that friends and family can put money into the twisted section. This body is used to pass the twelve gates of the other world. Then the corpse is placed into the coffin, where the body is covered with coverlets (two coverlets are used one is called the coverlets of earth and the second one is called coverlet of heaven). The deceased clothes are placed into the coffin. The coffin is bound with a straw rope around its upper, middle, and lower parts.After the coffin is bound, a screen is placed in front of the coffin and a big red cloth (the deceased name) is hung. A small table is placed where the spirit box is displayed, sometimes there are materials that the deceased person uses.There a re five different kinds of clothes (obok), The chief mourner wears the coat, hat, and leggings which are made all from hemp. The mourner needs to have a cane made from bamboo if his father has died and a cane made from paulownia if the mother deceased. When approaching the deceased, there will be trinity dedications of wine and two ritual bows. After this performance, the person meets with the deceased family. Food and wine is served to the people who comes to visit the funeral and at all times the visitor wears black clothing.The last ceremony is when the four men will carry the coffin and shake it slowly up and down the four corners of the agency and this is suppose to drive evil from the room.The first communion of requiem is held on the day of the burial in front of the mourning shrine. The second rite and the trey rite follow. These rites are called samu-je. After these rites the process of ancestor worship follows the normal way, namely three dedications of a glass of wine and two bows.After three months is selected to perform the chokoh-che or final rite of weeping. People are allowed to weep continuously and after this time the mourners weeps only three times a day when he/she dedicates meals. The day after the final rite of weeping, the rite of attachment of the ancestor tablet (pi-ju) is held in cases where there is a family shrine for the ancestors at home. With the rite of the new deceased becomes an ancestor of the family. The first anniversary of the death is called sosang (small commemoration) and the second death anniversary is called taesang (large commemoration). When this is done properly that he will perform the rite of good fortune on the one hundredth day after large commoration.These methods and rituals portray negativity in the Christian community notwithstanding we should know it also represents a special relationship with the family. There are three importance of ancestral worship, 1. Tradition-this is how our ancestor have lived and its a continuation of our traditions passing on to the next generation. 2. Filial propriety (hyo)- Korean system is made up with Confucian structure, for ideal younger people bow down to elders. The Korean brotherly system is hierarchy with age. Therefore the term respect portrays solidly in the system. 3. Inter-family relations-the family can come together during the ritual time and spent time with their family. For example this would be thanksgiving in the United States, where food is prepared for all families.Re-examining the terminology ancestral worshipThe Catholic perform started to under permit the Korean refinement after 1900. A new paradigm was made towards ancestral worship. Father Thomas Anthony and Father Chang Song were ignorant about annals rituals. Foreigners saw commemoration ritual as an idol worship. When Korea was colonized by Japan and Koreans were forced to believe Shinto, Catholic had greater understandings of rituals and traditions. arcuate down wa s a problem only if eating the food was a problem to the Christian community. Later, St. Paul said, Now, the matter about food offered to idols. It is true, of by nature, that all of us have knowledge as they say. such(prenominal) knowledge, however, puffs a man up with pride but love builds up. The person who think he knows something really doesnt know as he ought to know. But the man who loves is known by him. So then man who loves God is known by him. So then, about eating the food offered to idols We know that an idol stand for something that doesnt exist we know there is only the one God. Even if there are so called gods whether in heaven or on earth, and even though there are many a(prenominal) these gods and lords yet there is for us only one God, Jesus Christ, whom all things were created and through whom we live. (Pauls First Letter to the Corinthians, 81-6).6This is was the starting point, when Catholic community started to understand the implication that arises when ta king something special from a cultivation and resolved this problem by consenting their kitchen-gardening. Unless the memorial rites are resolved, Korea will be hard country to send missionaries.The Catholic church accepted memorial rites (ancestral worship) under certain conditions and prohibited some issues regarding memorial rites. They accepted 1. Bowing before the body, a tomb, and photograph of the decreased and a table bearing the name of the deceased. 2. Incense burning during a ritual before the body. 3. Preparing meals for the memorial rites. However they prohibited any kind of cooked or water soaked rice, paper money, shellfish or a pearl into the mouth of the dead person. 2. Offering three pairs of straw shoes for the underworld guides. 3. Cannot call out the name of deceased outside for the his soul which may be hovering in the sky. 4. Prohibits the ideal that the dead comes to the table to eat the food and in the end chanting any prayers during the memorial rite is prohibited.7The Korean Protestant came up with an alternative which was called chudoyebe.. It was a Christian memorial armed service for their family. This memorial service was to replace ancestral worship. Christians were prohibited to perform Confucian ancestral ritual on the anniversary of heir ancestors death. It would be disrespect to their parents and ancestors if zip fastener happened. The chudoyebe was first introduced when Dr. J. W Heron passed away in July 1980.8The new Christian method to replace ancestral rite spread along the Korean protestant. It include seven sections hymns, opening prayer, reading from passs, recollection of the deceased, another hymn, silent prayer and the prayer of dismissal.9Christian homes were encouraged to carry out chudoyebe preferably of practicing ancestral worship. However the dilemma here is, Korean Christians practice ancestral worship according to the 2005 government consensus. According to Professor Chang Won Parks name on amidst God and ancestors ancestral practice in Korean Protestantism 77.8 percent of the Korean population practice ancestral worship but looking in the occur Korean population, Christians make up 29 percent. Therefore we can conclude that Christians participate in ancestral practices. The Korean protestant community needs to realize somethings cannot be taken away and perhaps accepting the culture and tradition might increase the Christian population.The Catholic Church understanding of the Korean culture has changed over time. Ancestral worship has defined another terminology to memorial rites. There were little minor revisions to fit into the Catholic Church however the culture and traditions has not changed significantly. The Korean Protestant church also needs to revise some parts of the memorial rites since Christians in Korea still remains to carry out memorial rites and it is impossible for the Christian population to grow without tradition and values of their culture such as anc estral worship (memorial rites).Implications with the Protestant ChurchThere are three reasons why the protestant missionaries rejected ancestor worship. They first thought the religious sacrifice to the deceased spirit was in conflict with the commandants. world-class Commandant states, You shall have no other gods before Me, and the second commandant states, You shall not make for yourself a carved imageany likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.Secondly, even though the ancestor worship supported the tenet of the immortality of the soul, the protestant missionaries did not accept the idea of how the soul could reside in a tablet in shrine, also eat the food after the worship was over, bless the deceased. The ideology that the ancestors four generations souls exist is the opposite of what the Christian teaching tell. The Christian bible states there are two locations after death (heaven and hell).Thir dly, the belief that ancestral worship card-playing women and accepting the first born male or sons as the heir to continue the family linage created problems. Therefore the Christian were also prohibited to eat the food or touch the food during the ritual. This was also repeated through missionaries because the bible states eating sacrificial food is against the will of God as worshipping the idol (this passage is in I Corinthians 1021, Acts 1529 and revelations 214).The missionaries and the church stately clear to prohibit the ancestral worship through published tracts, which tell it is a form of idolatry this document was called the Nevius Errors of Ancestor Worship, even though the Protestant church understands filial piety, they believed the best method was to perform good plot the parents were still alive. This document failed to address any alternative method to serve after the parents passed away.This caused many criticizes to the public. In September 1, 1920 there was a written article on this issue in Dongah Daily. Refusing and prohibiting ancestor worship was a societal problem and it portrayed Christians that filial piety no longer existed. Any bows downstairs the waist was an act of ancestor worship to any kind of picture. This made Korean Christians uncomfortable since they could not perform any sign of respect after their parents had passed away (their loyalty was not expressed to the ones they loved).A New Paradigm for Ancestral WorshipAs the Catholic Church, the Protestant Church must be intimate the ancestral worship. At this time lets call the ancestral worship as deceased memorial rites because it can be referred to as tradition and culture instead of religion. First we must talk about what is acceptable and not acceptable to the deceased memorial rites. The bible has different passages against the deceased memorial rites however as mentioned many times in this paper, these tradition has existed before and after the missionaries had arrived in Korea. Therefore it is best if there was some solutions found between the Korean society and the Protestant Church.The Korean society filial piety is very important, as seen in many places, Korean people bow down to everyone. Starting from birth and the age of five, the child bows down to parents and families members. During the preschool years, the teacher is the higher authority in school therefore students show respect to the teachers, this goes on to college. The important idea here is everyone, who is aged is respected and younger generations are taught to bow and show some kind of respect. Even in the Korean church, we bow down to pastors, elders, deacons and Sunday school teachers as a sign of respect. If you deny to bow down then its shows a sign of disrespect so the question here is we bow down in our daily life however once our elders pass away then that principle is taken away from us. Therefore this section of the paper will discuss these ideas of what not to do and what should be allowed.First lets start with bowing down to the deceased family members, this should be allowed because it shows some sign of respect for taking care of their children. The Korean society spends massive money on their children especially education and if the deceased family are forgotten and not taken care of after their death how will the grandchildren remember their family members. Secondly, as the Catholic church states also, we should allow incense burning and the stage of preparing food should be allowed. It is the least that a son or little girl can do for their deceased however it shouldnt be only the son (heir) but the complete family members. The women shouldnt be degraded in part of the deceased memorial rites.The second part is what should not be done in the deceased memorial rites. Descentants should not believe in spirits, for example thinking that the deceased will come down to eat the food. The memorial rite should only be done as a sign of re spect and not for believing spirits. The whole idea of calling out the name to call the spirit, sending out messengers, escorts, giving them the straw shoes, the toll money to pass the gates should be all prohibited. The ideology of spirits should be diminished and as mentioned before it is for fulfill filial piety and to show sign of respect to the parents. These cannot be all the ideas however the purpose here is to come up with some solution for the Korean Protestant Church so that it does not cause any more social problems or dilemmas living as a Korean Christian.ConclusionThe Korean Protestant Church faced tremendous dilemma towards ancestral worship and even today, these issues are not resolved. Within Christian families, ancestral worship is still practiced and some perform chudoyebe. The Catholic Church later reversed ancestral worship and accepted the Korea tradition and ritual however the Korean Protestant Church is far from creating a new understanding of Korea. If the Ko rean Protestant Church maintains to accept ancestor worship as a form of idolatry then the Christian population will continue to decline. If simple changes and revisions were made such as deceased spirit is alive and since the bible states clearly that they cannot communicate with the living and there is only heaven or hell after death. For example the family cannot believe in any forms of spirits. The deceased memorial rites is a sign of respect and there cannot be any belief regarding spirits. It is not that simple of course but what I am trying to get through is compromise and understanding of each culture and traditions since Korea is unlikely to give up ancestral rites for a very long time. This paper has examined the background of Korean Ancestral Worship and explained why it needed to re-examine this terminology in the Korean context and lastly it explained the implications with the Korea Protestant Church. Every culture is different and unique and its our culture that shapes and molds our identity. Confucianism had been in Korea for a very long time and still holds and exists in our community. A new paradigm and understanding is need in our multicultural environment for the Korean Protestant Church to survive.